{"id":1997,"date":"2025-07-19T11:29:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T09:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/?p=1997"},"modified":"2025-07-21T16:32:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-21T14:32:52","slug":"o-noua-directie-in-pomicultura-romaniei-afectata-de-schimbarile-climatice-ziziphus-jujuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/index.php\/2025\/07\/19\/o-noua-directie-in-pomicultura-romaniei-afectata-de-schimbarile-climatice-ziziphus-jujuba\/","title":{"rendered":"O nou\u0103 direc\u021bie \u00een pomicultura Rom\u00e2niei afectat\u0103 de schimb\u0103rile climatice – Ziziphus jujuba"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h3>\n

Jujubele \u2013 \u201cSuperfructe\u201d pentru Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00centr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care ne confrunt\u0103m tot mai des cu accidente climatice, cum ar fi temperaturi mult prea sc\u0103zute prim\u0103vara, c\u00e2nd majoritatea speciilor pomicole sunt \u00een faza de dezmugurire sau \u00eenflorire, temperaturi extrem de ridicate vara, secet\u0103 \u0219i alte fenomene meteo extreme, de\u0219ertificarea afect\u00e2nd tot mai mult zona de sud \u0219i sud-est a Rom\u00e2niei, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 g\u0103sim solu\u021bii adaptate acestor provoc\u0103ri. Fermierii, dar \u0219i micii cultivatori sau pasiona\u021bii de gr\u0103din\u0103rit, trebuie s\u0103 se orienteze c\u0103tre specii noi, rezistente, nepreten\u021bioase \u0219i care pot aduce \u0219i profit. Un exemplu perfect \u00een acest sens, este Ziziphus jujuba, cunoscut \u0219i sub denumirea de curmalul chinezesc\/dobrogean sau jujub \u2013 un pom originar din China, care s-a adaptat de-a lungul secolelor, climatului arid al Dobrogei, iernilor grele \u0219i prin fructele pe care le produce, jujubele, se dovede\u0219te extrem de benefic pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 facem o precizare important\u0103 privind confuzia frecvent\u0103 \u00eentre curmalul chinezesc (Ziziphus jujuba) \u0219i palmierul care produce curmale (Phoenix dactylifera). Cele dou\u0103 sunt specii distincte din punct de vedere botanic, cu cerin\u021be diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de factorii de mediu \u0219i cu fructe, care de\u0219i se aseam\u0103n\u0103, sunt diferite. Fructele de Ziziphus jujuba se numesc jujube, iar pomul este cunoscut sub denumirea de curmal chinezesc, sau jujub.<\/p>\n

Cultivat \u00een regiunile temperate ale Asiei, \u00een special \u00een centrul bazinului fluviului Galben \u00een China, dar \u0219i extins mai recent \u00een cultur\u0103 \u00een Australia, SUA \u0219i Europa, specia are o istorie cunoscut\u0103 \u00een scrieri, de peste 7.000 de ani.\u00a0 Ast\u0103zi, exist\u0103 \u00een China peste 900 de soiuri cunoscute la nivel mondial, iar specia este recunoscut\u0103 pentru plasticitatea sa deosebit\u0103 la condi\u021bii diferite de mediu, \u0219i pentru beneficiile sale nutri\u021bionale esen\u021biale pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea uman\u0103.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, am reu\u0219it s\u0103 plantez \u00een livada proprie situat\u0103 \u00een comuna Bratovoe\u0219ti, jude\u021bul Dolj, mai multe soiuri de jujub, iar experien\u021ba dob\u00e2ndit\u0103, m-a convins c\u0103 acest pom deosebit nu este doar o curiozitate “exotic\u0103”, ci o solu\u021bie durabil\u0103 la condi\u021biile actuale de mediu.<\/p>\n

Cercetare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h4>\n

Colegii de la Facultatea de Horticultur\u0103 din cadrul Universit\u0103\u021bii de \u0218tiin\u021be Agronomice \u0219i Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103 din Bucure\u0219ti se ocup\u0103 de studiul am\u0103nun\u021bit al speciei jujubului de aproape 30 de ani, contribuind semnificativ la \u00een\u021belegerea poten\u021bialului horticol \u00een Rom\u00e2nia al acestei specii pomicole noi. De asemenea, specia exist\u0103 \u00een stare semi-spontan\u0103 \u00een Dobrogea \u00een vecin\u0103tatea unor situri arheologice, de mai bine de 2.000 de ani, ceea ce subliniaz\u0103 adaptabilitatea sa \u0219i importan\u021ba istoric\u0103 \u00een peisajul nostru. \u00cen plus, este prezent\u0103 \u00een mai multe loca\u021bii de cercetare din \u021bar\u0103, cum ar fi la Sta\u021biunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Cultura Plantelor pe Nisipuri D\u0103buleni, unde se afl\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de peste 2 ha dedicate acestei specii; la Institutul de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Pomicultur\u0103 Pite\u0219ti-M\u0103r\u0103cineni; Sta\u021biunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Pomicultur\u0103 V\u00e2lcea din cadrul Universit\u0103\u021bii din Craiova \u0219i, bine\u00een\u021beles, \u00een numeroase gr\u0103dini private din \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i adaptabilitate<\/h4>\n

Jujubul este un pom remarcabil, adaptat la condi\u021bii de mediu dificile. Cre\u0219te \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103 bine pe soluri s\u0103race, nisipoase, s\u0103r\u0103turate, f\u0103r\u0103 preten\u021bii mari fa\u021b\u0103 de pH sau compozi\u021bia solului \u0219i este rezistent la secet\u0103, fiind o op\u021biune excelent\u0103 pentru zonele aride \u0219i afectate de actualele schimb\u0103ri climatice.<\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre motivele pentru care aceast\u0103 nou\u0103 specie pomicol\u0103 merit\u0103 cultivat\u0103:<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • Fixeaz\u0103 solul, prevenind eroziunea \u0219i protej\u00e2nd astfel terenurile vulnerabile;<\/li>\n
  • Frunzele \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc solul cu materie organic\u0103, contribuind la refacerea acestuia \u00eentr-un mod natural, f\u0103r\u0103 prea multe interven\u021bii din partea omului;<\/li>\n
  • Este o specie care poate fi cultivat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea tratamentelor chimice, ceea ce o face potrivit\u0103 pentru gr\u0103dini \u0219i pentru planta\u021bii de pomicultur\u0103 ecologic\u0103;<\/li>\n
  • Porne\u0219te \u00een vegeta\u021bie \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu luna aprilie, nefiind afectat\u0103 de brumele t\u00e2rzii de prim\u0103var\u0103;
    \n\u00cenflore\u0219te t\u00e2rziu, timp de mai multe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, \u00een iunie-iulie \u0219i leag\u0103 fructe \u00een fiecare an, nefiind afectat de alternan\u021ba de rodire;<\/li>\n
  • Este un pom melifer, foarte atractiv pentru insectele polenizatoare, ajut\u00e2nd la men\u021binerea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i la sus\u021binerea ecosistemelor s\u0103n\u0103toase;<\/li>\n
  • Este foarte productiv, iar fructele aduc beneficii nutri\u021bionale deosebite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Unul dintre marile avantaje ale speciei, este productivitatea sa ridicat\u0103, chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii de mediu mai dificile. Fructele sunt nu doar gustoase, ci \u0219i extrem de benefice din punct de vedere nutritional (denumite de cercet\u0103tori \u0219i superfructe).<\/p>\n

    Acestea con\u021bin:<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • 18 dintre cei 24 de aminoacizi esen\u021biali organismului uman;<\/em><\/li>\n
    • O cantitate impresionant\u0103 de vitamina C \u2013 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1.000 mg\/100 g fructe proaspete (\u00een func\u021bie de soi);<\/em><\/li>\n
    • Vitaminele B, A, P, minerale, fibre \u0219i compu\u0219i bioactivi cu rol antioxidant, antiinflamator, antiviral, antibacterian;<\/em><\/li>\n
    • O cantitate semnificativ\u0103 de ciclic adenozin monofosfat (cAMP), un compus esen\u021bial pentru buna func\u021bionare a celulelor din organism, \u00een concentra\u021bii de 30\u2013160 \u03bcg\/g, printre cele mai mari valori \u00eenregistrate \u00een r\u00e2ndul speciilor vegetale.<\/em><\/li>\n
    • Datorit\u0103 acestei compozi\u021bii bogate, jujubele sunt benefice \u00een prevenirea \u0219i tratarea hipertensiunii arteriale, diabetului, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea sistemul imunitar, digestiv \u0219i cardiovascular, fiind o op\u021biune pentru o alimenta\u021bie s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Jujubele pot fi consumate \u00een stare proasp\u0103t\u0103, deshidratate sau confiate. Se pot transforma \u00een compot, gem, suc, o\u021bet, rachiu, vin sau chiar bere. Deasemenea se pot folosi \u00een produse de cofet\u0103rie \u0219i patiserie. \u00cen medicina tradi\u021bional\u0103 chinez\u0103, semin\u021bele sunt apreciate pentru efectul lor calmant, fiind utilizate pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii somnului. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea, fructele \u0219i frunzele sunt utilizate pentru prepararea ceaiului, care este cunoscut pentru propriet\u0103\u021bile sale calmante \u0219i beneficiile pentru sistemul imunitar.<\/p>\n

      \"Jujube\nJujube - Soiul Lizao, recolta gradina proprie<\/pre>\n
      <\/h4>\n
      O specie ornamental\u0103 cu rol ecologic<\/h4>\n
      Jujubele pot fi de m\u0103rimi \u0219i forme variabile, ceea ce \u00eei confer\u0103 speciei caracteristici ornamentale deosebite, al\u0103turi de frunzele lucioase, put\u00e2nd ad\u0103uga valoare estetic\u0103 \u00een orice gr\u0103din\u0103 sau peisaj. \u00cen plus, datorit\u0103 elementelor de cre\u0219tere (prezen\u021ba spinilor, modul de ramificare, forma coroanei) poate fi utilizat\u0103 ca \u0219i gard sau perdea de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva v\u00e2nturilor puternice sau alte condi\u021bii meteorologice extreme.<\/p>\n
      \u00centr-o er\u0103 \u00een care nevoia de solu\u021bii sustenabile este din ce \u00een ce mai urgent\u0103, Ziziphus jujuba se prezint\u0103 ca un exemplu perfect de specie pomicol\u0103 adaptat\u0103 multiplelor provoc\u0103ri ecologice \u0219i economice. Prin integrarea acestei specii \u00een gr\u0103dinile sau \u00een livezile noastre, putem contribui la restaurarea solurilor, protejarea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i la reducerea dependen\u021bei de resursele de ap\u0103. \u00cen plus, vom beneficia de fructe deosebite, nutritive \u0219i versatile, care reprezint\u0103 at\u00e2t o resurs\u0103 pentru s\u0103n\u0103tate, c\u00e2t \u0219i o oportunitate economic\u0103 viabil\u0103.<\/p>\n
      Formare profesional\u0103 \u0219i sprijin valoros<\/h4>\n
      Am descoperit Ziziphus jujuba \u00een urma particip\u0103rii la dou\u0103 cursuri de preg\u0103tire privind cultura curmalului chinezesc, \u00een China, \u00een anii 2019 \u0219i 2024, sponsorizat de Ministerul Comer\u021bului din aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 de origine. A fost o oportunitate excelent\u0103 de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba despre morfologia pomilor, speciile \u0219i soiurile existente, cerin\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de factorii de clim\u0103 \u0219i sol,\u00a0 tehnologiile moderne de \u00eenmul\u021bire, cultivare, prelucrarea fructelor \u0219i combaterea bolilor \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103torilor. Aceast\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 nu ar fi fost posibil\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 sprijinul Domnului Profesor Florin St\u0103nic\u0103, prorector al USAMV Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i membru corespondent al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne c\u0103ruia \u00eei sunt deplin recunosc\u0103toare \u0219i \u00eei mul\u021bumesc pentru oportunitate, ajutorul acordat \u0219i toate sfaturile oferite. Totodat\u0103, apreciez suportul \u0219i sprijinul oferit de c\u0103tre Doamna Profesoar\u0103 Sina Cosmulescu, decan al Facult\u0103\u021bii de Horticultur\u0103 din cadrul Universit\u0103\u021bii din Craiova \u0219i bine\u00een\u021beles al \u00eentregului colectiv al facult\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n
      \"Jujube-Technology-Demonstration-Park\"<\/p>\n
      Foto: Delega\u021bia rom\u00e2n\u0103, condus\u0103 de domnul profesor Florin St\u0103nic\u0103 \u0219i format\u0103 din cadre didactice de la Universitatea de \u0218tiin\u021be Agronomice \u0219i Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103 Bucure\u0219ti, Universitatea de \u0218tiin\u021be Agricole \u0219i Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103 Cluj-Napoca, Universitatea din Craiova, Universitatea de \u0218tiin\u021bele Vie\u021bii \u201eRegele Mihai I\u201d din Timi\u0219oara, Universitatea din Oradea, reprezentan\u021bi ai Sta\u021biunii de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Cultura Plantelor pe Nisipuri D\u0103buleni, cercet\u0103tori \u0219i fermieri, a participat \u00een perioada 22 august \u2013 11 septembrie 2024 la \u201eTraining Course of Jujube Industry Technology for Romania\u201d, organizat de Agricultural University of Hebei (HEBAU) \u00een Baoding, China, seminar sponsorizat de guvernul Republicii Populare Chineze.<\/em><\/span><\/h6>\n
      Pe durata programului, cursan\u021bii au beneficiat de instruire specializat\u0103 privind toate aspectele tehnologice \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bifice esen\u021biale pentru dezvoltarea industriei jujubelor. Totodat\u0103 delega\u021bia a vizitat centre importante din provinciile Hebei \u0219i Shandong, recunoscute ca modele de excelen\u021b\u0103 \u00een cultura jujubelor, inclusiv Parcul demonstrativ din Zanhuang, cu o suprafa\u021b\u0103 cultivat\u0103 de peste 20.000 hectare, care reprezint\u0103 un model de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 industrie.<\/em><\/span><\/h6>\n
      \u00cen fotografia al\u0103turat\u0103, al\u0103turi de delega\u021bia rom\u00e2n\u0103 se afl\u0103 Domnul Profesor Liu Mengjun, decanul Facult\u0103\u021bii de Horticultur\u0103 din cadrul Universit\u0103\u021bii de Agricultur\u0103 Hebei, specialist de renume \u00een cultura jujubelor, al\u0103turi de cadre didactice \u0219i cercet\u0103tori dedica\u021bi dezvolt\u0103rii acestei specii.<\/em><\/span><\/h6>\n
      \n
      Cercet\u0103tor \u0218tiin\u021bific Dr. Ing. Ana-Maria Stoenescu – anamaria_stoenescu@yahoo.com
      \nSta\u021biunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Cultura Plantelor pe Nisipuri D\u0103buleni<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      Jujubele \u2013 \u201cSuperfructe\u201d pentru Rom\u00e2nia \u00centr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care ne confrunt\u0103m tot mai des cu accidente climatice, cum ar fi temperaturi mult prea sc\u0103zute prim\u0103vara, c\u00e2nd majoritatea speciilor pomicole sunt \u00een faza de dezmugurire sau \u00eenflorire, temperaturi extrem de ridicate vara, secet\u0103 \u0219i alte fenomene meteo extreme, de\u0219ertificarea afect\u00e2nd tot […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,1,6,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-general","category-prime","category-slide"],"yoast_head":"\nO nou\u0103 direc\u021bie \u00een pomicultura Rom\u00e2niei afectat\u0103 de schimb\u0103rile climatice - 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