Ministerul Agriculturii a emis din nou o serie de\u00a0autoriza\u021bii \u201ede urgen\u021b\u0103\u201d\u00a0pentru a permite \u0219i anul acesta tratarea semin\u021belor de porumb, floarea-soarelui \u0219i sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r cu substan\u021be chimice extrem de toxice pentru albine, mediu \u0219i om. Decizia luat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consultarea p\u0103r\u021bilor afectate (apicultori, societate civil\u0103), la cererea \u0219i \u00een beneficiul a cinci organiza\u021bii de fermieri mari, a fost luat\u0103 \u00eenainte de Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i a devenit public\u0103 abia \u00een ianuarie. Aceste substan\u021be (neonicotinoide) sunt interzise \u00een Uniunea European\u0103 din anul 2018, iar\u00a0Curtea de Justi\u021bie European\u0103\u00a0a decis pe 19 ianuarie 2023 c\u0103 aceste autoriza\u021bii (derog\u0103ri) sunt nelegale \u0219i Statele Membre UE nu au voie s\u0103 aprobe folosirea semin\u021belor tratate cu neonicotinoide.<\/p>\n
Substan\u021bele \u00een cauz\u0103 sunt\u00a0clothianidin, imidacloprid \u0219i thiamethoxam\u00a0\u0219i sunt destinate a combate anumite insecte din sol care pot ataca semin\u021bele plantelor, \u00eens\u0103 problema major\u0103 este c\u0103 acestea r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een plant\u0103 \u0219i afecteaz\u0103 \u0219i alte insecte \u201ebenefice\u201d \u2013 albinele \u0219i al\u021bi polenizatori, prin faptul c\u0103 se hr\u0103nesc cu polenul, nectarul \u0219i guta\u021bia contaminate. De asemenea, la sem\u0103natul semin\u021belor tratate se produce praf \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu pesticide care se disperseaz\u0103 \u00een aer, const\u00e2nd \u00eentr-o surs\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 de stres at\u00e2t pentru polenizatori, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru mediu \u00een general \u0219i oameni. Pentru a se reduce aceast\u0103 problem\u0103\u00a0(aten\u021bie, e vorba de a se reduce, nu elimina), exist\u0103 numeroase reguli \u0219i un anumit tip de echipament ce poate fi folosit la sem\u0103nat, \u00eens\u0103 nerespectarea acestora duce\u00a0doar\u00a0la retragerea autoriza\u021biei de folosire a semin\u021belor tratate, iar\u00a0societatea \u0219i mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor r\u0103m\u00e2n s\u0103 suporte costurile de s\u0103n\u0103tate\u00a0asociate cu prezen\u021ba pesticidelor \u00een plante, sol, ap\u0103, aer, produse agricole \u0219i\u00a0alimentare.<\/p>\n
Retragerea derog\u0103rii<\/p>\n
Organiza\u021biile Eco Ruralis, Romapis \u0219i WWF, reprezent\u00e2nd interesele apicultorilor, micilor produc\u0103tori \u0219i conservarea naturii, solicit\u0103\u00a0retragerea derog\u0103rii pentru anul acesta \u0219i conformarea la hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Cur\u021bii de Justi\u021bie Europene pentru viitor.<\/p>\n
\u00cen cazul \u00een care derogarea nu este anulat\u0103, dorim s\u0103 inform\u0103m apicultorii \u0219i cet\u0103\u021benii c\u0103 sfecla de zah\u0103r se va trata cu clotianidin \u0219i tiametoxam \u0219i se va sem\u0103na \u00een jude\u021bele Alba, Bac\u0103u, Boto\u0219ani, Bra\u0219ov, Br\u0103ila, Cluj, Covasna, Gala\u021bi, Harghita, Ia\u0219i, Mure\u0219, Neam\u021b, Sibiu, Suceava, Vaslui, \u00een perioada 1 martie \u2013 30 mai. Iar tratamentele la porumb \u0219i floarea-soarelui, cu imidacloprid \u0219i tiametoxam, au \u00eenceput \u00een 23 ianuarie \u0219i se vor cultiva \u00een toat\u0103 \u021bara, \u201epe suprafe\u021bele puternic afectate\u201d, conform textului derog\u0103rii.<\/p>\n
Men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103 imidaclopridul poate \u201ebeneficia\u201d de derog\u0103ri \u0219i \u00een cursul anului pentru culturile de toamn\u0103 (de cereale p\u0103ioase), de pild\u0103, \u00een baza aceleia\u0219i motiv\u0103ri devenit\u0103 standard \u0219i tot la cererea cultivatorilor pe suprafe\u021be mari, \u00een acest caz cultivatorii de porumb. Deci,\u00a0o lung\u0103 perioad\u0103 din an, oamenii \u0219i mediul sunt expu\u0219i la riscurile asociate acestei substan\u021be, la care se adaug\u0103 multiplele alte tipuri de pesticide chimice care mai sunt folosite punctual, pe culturi\/semin\u021be \u0219i suprafe\u021be mai mici sau mai mari.<\/p>\n
Declinul polenizatorilor \u0219i cauze<\/p>\n
Aproape trei sferturi din culturile agricole din lume depind, cel pu\u021bin par\u021bial, de albine \u0219i de al\u021bi polenizatori. Dincolo de rolul \u00een securitatea alimentar\u0103, polenizatorii sunt o component\u0103 absolut vital\u0103 a ecosistemelor, prin rolul lor \u00een asigurarea reproducerii plantelor din flora s\u0103lbatic\u0103. Declinul lor rapid, consemnat \u00een tot mai multe cercet\u0103ri \u0219tiin\u021bifice, anun\u021b\u0103 o real\u0103 criz\u0103 sistemic\u0103 pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea mediului \u0219i securitatea alimentar\u0103. Un raport \u00eentocmit de Institutul Norvegian pentru Cercetarea Naturii \u00een cadrul proiectului WWF \u201eBeeActive\u201d, ce va fi publicat \u00een perioada urm\u0103toare, arat\u0103 c\u0103\u00a037% din speciile de albine din Europa au popula\u021bii \u00een sc\u0103dere\u00a0(din care 9.1% sunt \u00een pragul dispari\u021biei)\u00a0\u0219i\u00a031% din speciile de fluturi de asemenea sunt \u00een sc\u0103dere\u00a0(din care 9% sunt amenin\u021bate cu dispari\u021bia). Cauzele principale sunt pierderea habitatului \u0219i a resurselor de hran\u0103 (ex. prin transformarea paji\u0219tilor \u00een teren arabil, eliminarea vegeta\u021biei naturale de pe aceste terenuri), poluarea cu pesticide, schimb\u0103rile climatice.<\/p>\n
Apicultorii fac \u0219i ei propria monitorizare a albinelor pe care le pierd \u00een fiecare an. Sondajul anual COLOSS\u00a0(Prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes)\u00a0arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103\u00a0pierderi \u00eensemnate \u00een perioada de iernare:\u00a015% \u00een 2019-2020, 32,5% \u00een 2020-2021, 15,2% \u00een 2021-2022.\u00a0\u201e\u00cen toamna anului 2022, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu septembrie, s-au \u00eenregistrat depopul\u0103ri masive \u0219i chiar moartea de colonii de albine \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 a anului total neobi\u0219nuit\u0103 pentru apari\u021bia unor asemenea cazuri. Din sondajul publicat luna aceasta rezult\u0103 c\u0103 83% dintre responden\u021bi s-au confruntat cu depopul\u0103ri mari, iar 35% dintre ei au raportat \u0219i dispari\u021bii de colonii de albine. Ne a\u0219tept\u0103m ca cifrele s\u0103 se schimbe \u00een prim\u0103var\u0103, luna cu cele mai multe cazuri de mortalitate fiind februarie. Dintre apicultorii care au avut culturi de floarea-soarelui \u00een apropierea stupilor cu probleme, 94,2% au avut depopul\u0103ri masive \u0219i\/sau pierderi totale \u0219i numai 5,8% nu s-au confruntat cu asemenea probleme\u201d, spune Constantin Dobrescu, Vicepre\u0219edinte ROMAPIS.<\/p>\n
Deciziile din Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een contradic\u021bie cu \u0219tiin\u021ba<\/p>\n
De\u0219i neonicotinoidele au fost interzise\u00a0de Comisia European\u0103 par\u021bial \u00een 2014 \u0219i apoi complet, \u00een 2018,\u00a0Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eenceput cu excep\u021biile de la regul\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din 2014. Derog\u0103rile au fost emise anual pentru a permite continuarea utiliz\u0103rii de neonicotinoide pentru culturile de porumb, floarea soarelui, rapi\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r. \u00cen urma unei aten\u021bion\u0103ri primite de Rom\u00e2nia din partea Comisiei Europene, \u00een 2020 \u0219i 2021 \u021bara noastr\u0103 nu a mai permis tratarea culturilor de rapi\u021b\u0103, dar nici de floarea-soarelui.<\/p>\n
\u00cens\u0103 \u00een 2022 \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 anul acesta,\u00a0Ministerul Agriculturii \u0219i Dezvolt\u0103rii Rurale revine la \u201etradi\u021bia\u201d mai veche de a permite tratarea tuturor culturilor\u00a0(cu excep\u021bia rapi\u021bei). An de an e invocat\u0103 \u201eurgen\u021ba\u201d \u0219i situa\u021bia excep\u021bional\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 Ministerul\u00a0nu s-a preocupat \u0219i nu a investit nimic \u00een cercetarea, testarea, \u00eencurajarea metodelor alternative\u00a0\u2013 ex. tehnici de management integrat al d\u0103un\u0103torilor (ex. rota\u021bia culturilor pe mai mul\u021bi ani, controlul biologic, diferite tehnici de cultivare).<\/p>\n
Dar de-acum Rom\u00e2nia va fi obligat\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru, dup\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea Cur\u021bii de Justi\u021bie European\u0103. De altfel, Strategia \u201eDe la ferm\u0103 la furculi\u021b\u0103\u201d prevede reducerea utiliz\u0103rii \u0219i riscurilor asociate pesticidelor chimice cu 50% p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030, iar Strategia privind Biodiversitatea pentru 2030 stabile\u0219te ca 25% din terenurile agricole din UE s\u0103 fie gestionate ecologic (de la 8.5% \u00een prezent). Rom\u00e2nia are 2.9% din suprafa\u021ba agricol\u0103 gestionat\u0103 \u00een regim ecologic.<\/p>\n
Peste 700 de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 cer \u00een\u0103sprirea legisla\u021biei iar\u00a0cet\u0103\u021benii din toat\u0103 Europa solicit\u0103 de asemenea reducerea drastic\u0103 a folosirii pesticidelor\u00a0\u2013\u00a0peti\u021bia semnat\u0103 de peste 1 milion de oameni a fost prezentat\u0103 \u0219i dezb\u0103tut\u0103 ieri, 24 ianuarie, \u00een Parlamentul European, dup\u0103 ce a trecut pragul necesar de semn\u0103turi pentru a produce efecte juridice.<\/p>\n
Ramona Duminicioiu, Membru Comitet de Coordonare Eco Ruralis:\u00a0\u201eMicii produc\u0103tori din Rom\u00e2nia sunt \u00eempotriva folosirii neonicotinoidelor \u0219i substan\u021belor toxice periculoase. Suntem pentru reglementarea c\u00e2t mai strict\u0103 a acestora, \u00eentruc\u00e2t avem convingerea c\u0103 putem \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 producem hran\u0103 folosind practici agroecologice.\u201d<\/p>\n
Constantin Dobrescu, Vicepre\u0219edinte ROMAPIS:\u00a0\u201eS\u0103n\u0103tatea albinelor \u0219i o pia\u021b\u0103 a mierii bazat\u0103 pe concuren\u021b\u0103 loial\u0103 (unde calitatea mierii are un rol primordial) sunt ast\u0103zi provoc\u0103ri majore ale apicultorilor. Reducerea treptat\u0103 a folosirii pesticidelor sintetice p\u00e2n\u0103 la eliminarea lor total\u0103 are relevan\u021b\u0103 pentru ambele subiecte. Recenta hot\u0103r\u00e2re a CJUE care afirm\u0103 c\u0103 Statele Membre nu pot deroga de la interdic\u021bia folosirii neonicotinoidelor \u00een UE reprezint\u0103 un pas foarte important \u00een acest parcurs.\u201d<\/p>\n
Monia Martini, Manager proiect BeeActive, WWF-Rom\u00e2nia:\u00a0\u201eRaportul \u0219tiin\u021bific Planeta Vie publicat de WWF la fiecare doi ani dezv\u0103luie o sc\u0103dere medie de 69% a popula\u021biilor de specii din 1970, produc\u021bia agricol\u0103 cauz\u00e2nd 70% din pierderea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii pe uscat. Sunt state precum SUA care au ajuns s\u0103 practice polenizarea nomad\u0103, cu insecte aduse s\u0103 polenizeze culturile agricole pentru c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 acestea, produc\u021bia alimentelor este afectat\u0103. Ne dorim ca Rom\u00e2nia sa nu fie un altfel de exemplu, s\u0103 nu ajung\u0103 s\u0103 repare ci s\u0103 p\u0103streze ceea ce are pre\u021bios, anume biodiversitatea \u00eempreun\u0103 cu hrana s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, prin practici agroecologice. Acum este momentul pentru a decide diferit, iar renun\u021barea la neonicotinoide este o decizie \u00een\u021beleapt\u0103 nu numai pentru natur\u0103, ci mai ales pentru om.\u201d<\/p>\n
sursa: greenreport<\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ministerul Agriculturii a emis din nou o serie de\u00a0autoriza\u021bii \u201ede urgen\u021b\u0103\u201d\u00a0pentru a permite \u0219i anul acesta tratarea semin\u021belor de porumb, floarea-soarelui \u0219i sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r cu substan\u021be chimice extrem de toxice pentru albine, mediu \u0219i om. Decizia luat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consultarea p\u0103r\u021bilor afectate (apicultori, societate civil\u0103), la cererea \u0219i \u00een beneficiul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,9,1,3,6,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-company","category-general","category-legislatie","category-prime","category-slide"],"yoast_head":"\n
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