{"id":1415,"date":"2022-09-12T08:26:34","date_gmt":"2022-09-12T06:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/?p=1415"},"modified":"2022-09-12T08:26:37","modified_gmt":"2022-09-12T06:26:37","slug":"energia-eoliana-offshore-o-solutie-pe-termen-lung-la-provocarile-climatice-si-economice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/index.php\/2022\/09\/12\/energia-eoliana-offshore-o-solutie-pe-termen-lung-la-provocarile-climatice-si-economice\/","title":{"rendered":"Energia eolian\u0103 offshore, o solu\u021bie pe termen lung la provoc\u0103rile climatice \u0219i economice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u021burile energiei electrice ating \u00een Europa niveluri record, \u00een timp ce gazul natural a urcat mar\u021bi la un v\u00e2rf de 294 EUR\/MWh pe bursa din Austria, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd sesiunea la 275,3 EUR\/MWh, de asemenea, un nivel maxim istoric pentru seria de pre\u021buri de \u00eenchidere. Potrivit unei analize a companiei fintech XTB, problema energiei cap\u0103t\u0103 astfel o dimensiune \u0219i mai presant\u0103, cu toate c\u0103 r\u0103spunsurile pe termen scurt \u0219i cele pe termen lung trebuie s\u0103 ia \u00een calcul variabile \u0219i incertitudini diferite.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pre\u021burile foarte ridicate din prezent<\/a>\u00a0urc\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, \u0219i valorile pentru scaden\u021be mai \u00eendp\u0103rtate, sporind atractivitatea unor proiecte cu timp \u00eendelungat de realizare.<\/p>\n

\u201dEnergia eolian\u0103 offshore, cea produs\u0103 \u00een grupuri de turbine eoliene situate \u00een m\u0103ri \u0219i oceane, \u00een apropierea coastelor sau mai departe de \u021b\u0103rm, ar putea fi unul dintre r\u0103spunsurile pe termen lung la numeroase provoc\u0103ri climatice \u0219i economice\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0constat\u0103 Claudiu Cazacu, Consulting Strategist \u00een cadrul XTB Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n

Nevoia de energie mondial\u0103 a fost \u00eentr-o sus\u021binut\u0103 \u0219i continu\u0103 cre\u0219tere \u00een ultimele decenii, traseu \u00eentrerupt doar pe perioada pandemiei.\u00a0Foamea de energie din \u021b\u0103rile emergente, cu investi\u021bii masive \u00een produc\u021bie industri-al\u0103 \u0219i infrastructur\u0103, nu a fost contracarat\u0103 de optimiz\u0103ri tehnologice comparabile.\u00a0Potrivit EIA, produc\u021bia de energie ar urma s\u0103 creasc\u0103 cu 47% p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2050.<\/p>\n

\u00cen SUA, petrolul \u0219i gazele naturale ar urma, la orizontul aceluia\u0219i an, s\u0103 continue s\u0103 fie sursa principal\u0103 de produc\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Energia eolian\u0103 offshore folose\u0219te for\u021ba v\u00e2ntului pe mare, acolo unde nu este diminuat\u0103 de obiecte \u0219i bariere, fie ele naturale sau construite, oferind astfel o resurs\u0103 regenerabil\u0103 eficient\u0103.<\/p>\n

Costul investi\u021biei tinde s\u0103 fie foarte mare, pentru c\u0103 instalarea unor structuri uria\u0219e pe mare este o procedur\u0103 complex\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een general, sunt preferate grupuri de putere mare.<\/p>\n

Potrivit asocia\u021biei Wind Europe, \u00een medie, fermele sunt instalate la o ad\u00e2ncime de 27,1 m \u0219i la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 33 de km de coast\u0103.<\/p>\n

Impactul vizual \u0219i acustic este diminuat de distan\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de a\u0219ez\u0103rile locuite, iar specificul transportului naval permite dimensiuni mai generoase dec\u00e2t cele disponibile cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een modul de transport terestru.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, organiza\u021biile de mediu atrag aten\u021bia c\u0103 instala\u021biile de producere a energiei eoliene offshore nu sunt lipsite de costuri: ele fragmenteaz\u0103 \u0219i reduc habitatul unor specii marine, iar turbinele pot reprezenta un pericol major pentru p\u0103s\u0103ri. \u00cen plus, traficul marin este amplificat, iar turbinele sunt deseori realizate cu fibre de carbon sau kevlar, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nu pot fi reciclate \u00een mod uzual.<\/p>\n

Pia\u021ba energiei eoliene se concentreaz\u0103, \u00een continuare, pe energia eolian\u0103 onshore (terestr\u0103): 81% din instala\u021biile noi din Europa au fost onshore. Pentru perioada 2022-2026, Wind Europe estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 doar un sfert din facilit\u0103\u021bile nou construite de 117 GW vor fi offshore.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, la nivel global cre\u0219terea masiv\u0103 a sectorului este estimat\u0103 a veni dup\u0103 investi\u021bii cumulative de aproape 1 trilion de dolari \u00een 2031, potrivit BNEF.\u00a0Capacitatea global\u0103 instalat\u0103 ar urma s\u0103 creasc\u0103 de aproape 10 ori, \u00een 11 ani, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2031, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 330 GW. Valul de investi\u021bii ar urma s\u0103 fie condus de China, Marea Britanie, SUA \u0219i Germa-nia.<\/p>\n

Cei mai mari produc\u0103tori de turbine eoliene pentru pia\u021ba european\u0103 sunt Siemens Gamesa \u0219i Vestas.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plan global, \u00een afara Chinei, Siemens Gamesa are o cot\u0103 de pia\u021b\u0103 de 13%, \u00een timp ce Vestas \u0219i GE au aproximativ 4% fiecare.\u00a0Competi\u021bia dinspre produc\u0103torii chinezi se va intensifica \u00eens\u0103, \u00een anii urm\u0103tori.<\/p>\n

Pe primele locuri \u00een China se afl\u0103 Goldwind, cu 11,38 GW instala\u021bi \u00een 2021, Envision cu 7,81 GW \u0219i Windey cu 7,64 GW.<\/p>\n

\u00cen compara\u021bie, Europa are o capacitate total\u0103 de 28,4 GW \u0219i \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a anului a conectat doar 30 MW offshore, de\u0219i alte 7 proiecte sunt \u00een construc\u021bie, \u0219i cre\u0219terea \u00een anii urm\u0103tori se a\u0219teapt\u0103 a fi puternic\u0103, \u00een special \u00een perioada 2027 \u2013 2030.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 Marea Britanie, Germania, Danemarca, Olanda \u0219i Polonia sunt a\u0219teptate a fi cele mai active \u00een domeniul noilor instal\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, potrivit Wind Europe, nivelul planificat este insuficient pentru a atinge \u021bintele climatice asumate.\u00a0Doar pe segmentul de energie eolian\u0103 offshore, Europa ar avea nevoie de o capacitate anual\u0103 nou\u0103 de 8 GW \u00een medie.<\/p>\n

Cel mai mare proiect \u00een construc\u021bie, Hornsea din Marea Britanie, are o capacitate de 1,38 GW, ob\u021binu\u021bi cu 165 de turbine Siemens Gamesa, \u0219i ar urma s\u0103 fie gata \u00een 2023.<\/p>\n

Coreea de Sud are \u00een plan un gigaproiect de 8,2 GW, estimat a fi gata \u00een 2030, la un cost de 36 de miliarde de dolari, care probabil va fi mult dep\u0103\u0219it av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere tendin\u021bele infla\u021biei globale.<\/p>\n

\u00centre companiile care dezvolt\u0103 parcuri eoliene, 18 din 25 sunt firme de utilit\u0103\u021bi diversificate.\u00a0Dintre acestea, 6 sunt focalizate doar pe proiecte regenerabile: Acciona, Apex Clean Energy, Invenergy, RES Group, RWE, \u0219i China Suntien Green Energy.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Europa, EDF Renewables, Enel, \u00d8rsted \u0219i Vattenfall sunt dezvoltatori par\u021bial sau integral de\u021binu\u021bi de stat.\u00a0Dezvoltarea pie\u021bei a atras aten\u021bia gigan\u021bilor din domeniul petrolului.<\/p>\n

Equinor din Norvegia are ambi\u021bia de a fi unul dintre juc\u0103torii globali majori \u00een 2030, viz\u00e2nd 12-16 GW.\u00a0Unele proiecte ar merge \u00een tandem cu extrac\u021bia de petrol, de exemplu \u00een cazul stu-diului pentru ansamblul care ar oferi energie pentru opera\u021biunile din regiunea Troll \u00een 2027.<\/p>\n

TotalEnergies are \u00een consruc\u021bie 6 GW de proiecte offshore, din care 2GW ar fi dis-ponibili p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2025.\u00a0Shell are deja 4,3 GW de proiecte \u0219i pl\u0103nuie\u0219te alte unit\u0103\u021bi de 16,7 GW.\u00a0BP are \u00een plan 3 GW \u00een apropierea Irlandei \u0219i 4,4 GW \u00een SUA.<\/p>\n

Cu eficien\u021ba \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een gestionarea fluctua\u021biilor economice, gigan\u021bii din industria petrolului resimt \u00een pus presiunea impus\u0103 energiei ob\u021binute din combustibili fosili, iar pre\u021burile mari din prezent le ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a face rezerve ample de cash pentru investi\u021bii viitoare.<\/p>\n

Capacitatea pl\u0103nuit\u0103 de WPD din Germania pentru cele dou\u0103 proiecte de energie eolian\u0103 offshore din Marea Neagr\u0103 este de 1,9 GW. Dac\u0103 pre\u021bul energiei r\u0103m\u00e2ne ridicat, nivelul a\u0219teptat al costului de produc\u021bie de 80 EUR\/MWh va fi unul deosebit de profitabil. La \u00eenceputul s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii, pe OPCOM, energia dep\u0103\u0219ea 500 EUR\/MWh.<\/p>\n

Potrivit B\u0103ncii Mondiale, Rom\u00e2nia ar avea un poten\u021bial de 76 GW energie eolian\u0103 offshore, din care 22 GW pe platforme de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50 de m ad\u00e2ncime (cu c\u00e2t ad\u00e2ncimea e mai mare, cu at\u00e2t costurile sunt mai ridicate) \u2013 restul pe platforme plutitoare.<\/p>\n

Nevoia de op\u021biuni alternative pentru produc\u021bia de energie este imens\u0103, \u0219i accentuat\u0103 de planulcadru de reducere a emisiilor de carbon.<\/p>\n

De\u0219i chiar \u00een procesul de fabrica\u021bie, transport \u0219i instalare, turbinele eoliene aduc un anume nivel de emisii, iar stocarea lor dup\u0103 perioada de utilizare implic\u0103, de asemenea, costuri de mediu, procesul este unul ce va fi luat tot mai mult \u00een seam\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere costul de mediu, dar \u0219i economic, al combustibililor fosili.<\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia actual\u0103 de pe pia\u021ba energiei pune un reflector \u00eenc\u0103 \u0219i mai puternic asupra nevoii de surse noi, iar Rom\u00e2nia ar putea utiliza o parte din resursele PNRR pentru a sprijini dezvoltarea sectorului, \u021bin\u00e2nd, \u00eens\u0103, seama, \u0219i de amplasarea potrivit\u0103 pentru a respecta constr\u00e2ngerile de mediu.<\/p>\n

sursa: green-report<\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pre\u021burile energiei electrice ating \u00een Europa niveluri record, \u00een timp ce gazul natural a urcat mar\u021bi la un v\u00e2rf de 294 EUR\/MWh pe bursa din Austria, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd sesiunea la 275,3 EUR\/MWh, de asemenea, un nivel maxim istoric pentru seria de pre\u021buri de \u00eenchidere. Potrivit unei analize a companiei fintech XTB, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,9,1,3,6,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-company","category-general","category-legislatie","category-prime","category-slide"],"yoast_head":"\nEnergia eolian\u0103 offshore, o solu\u021bie pe termen lung la provoc\u0103rile climatice \u0219i economice - Green24.ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pre\u021burile energiei electrice ating \u00een Europa 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