{"id":1305,"date":"2022-08-09T10:13:53","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T08:13:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/?p=1305"},"modified":"2022-08-09T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T08:13:55","slug":"de-ce-are-romania-atat-de-multe-incendii-de-vegetatie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/index.php\/2022\/08\/09\/de-ce-are-romania-atat-de-multe-incendii-de-vegetatie\/","title":{"rendered":"De ce are Rom\u00e2nia at\u00e2t de multe incendii de vegeta\u021bie?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Rom\u00e2nia este una dintre \u021b\u0103rile europene cele mai afectate de incendii de vegeta\u021bie. Nou\u0103 din zece incendii sunt provocate de ac\u021biunea uman\u0103, \u00een special de neglijen\u021ba \u0219i focurile puse necontrolat pentru cur\u0103\u021barea terenurilor.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Cercet\u0103torul Alexandru Luchiian lucreaz\u0103 \u00een IT, ca specialist \u00een sisteme inteligente. El a creat mai multe platforme de monitorizare a calit\u0103\u021bii aerului, a apei \u0219i mai nou a incendiilor de vegeta\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Alexandru Luchiian a publicat o analiz\u0103 pe site-ul InfoClima.ro, si afirma ca\u00a0 \u201dTotul a \u00eenceput \u00een 2019, c\u00e2nd au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie \u00een jur de 350 de incendii pe an. Ulterior, \u00een 2020, au fost \u00een cre\u0219tere, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 400. Anul acesta, deja, la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii iulie, avem 730 de incendii. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 cre\u0219terea este foarte rapid\u0103, din p\u0103cate\u201d.<\/p>\n

De ce nu sunt prin\u0219i autorii incendiilor de vegeta\u021bie? \u201dAm v\u0103zut astfel de incendii la marginea drumului, am sunat la pompieri, au venit ace\u0219tia, nu era nici o persoan\u0103 pe zece kilometri p\u0103tra\u021bi. Deci cineva a pus acolo, cu inten\u021bia de a cur\u0103\u021ba terenul, a v\u0103zut c\u0103 scap\u0103 de sub control \u0219i a plecat. De cele mai multe ori, se \u00eenvinuie\u0219te proprietarul terenului, dar c\u00e2nd focul \u00eencepe \u0219i arde zeci de hectare, cu o probabilitate destul de mic\u0103 se \u0219tie cam de unde a plecat, dar nu se \u0219tie exact cine a fost persoana respectiv\u0103 \u0219i dac\u0103 nu este prins\u0103 \u00een fapt, este mai greu de acuzat \u0219i de tras la r\u0103spundere\u201d, spune cercet\u0103torul.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Incendiile de vegeta\u021bie: de la cauze la posibile solu\u021bii<\/h3>\n

\u00cen ultimii ani, incendiile de p\u0103dure care au coincis cu secete \u0219i valuri de c\u0103ldur\u0103 record, dup\u0103 cum putem observa \u0219i \u00een perioada aceasta, au afectat regiuni din centrul \u0219i nordul Europei care nu sunt de obicei predispuse la incendii.<\/p>\n

Se preconizeaz\u0103 o extindere a zonelor predispuse la incendii \u0219i sezoane de incendii mai lungi \u00een majoritatea regiunilor europene, \u00een special \u00een cazul scenariilor cu emisii ridicate, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t avem nevoie de m\u0103suri suplimentare de adaptare.<\/p>\n

Incediile de vegeta\u021bie \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rom\u00e2nia a fost cea mai afectat\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 din Uniunea European\u0103 de incendiile de p\u0103dure, potrivit unui raport al Comisiei Europene pentru anul 2020.<\/p>\n

Incendiile de p\u0103dure au afectat grav siturile europene Natura 2000: peste 136.000 ha \u2013 aproximativ 40% din suprafa\u021ba total\u0103 distrus\u0103 de foc \u00een 2020 \u2013, ceva mai pu\u021bin dec\u00e2t \u00een 2019, dar peste media ultimilor nou\u0103 ani. La fel ca \u00een 2019, Rom\u00e2nia a \u00eensumat din nou aproape jum\u0103tate din suprafa\u021ba distrus\u0103 de incendii \u00een cadrul siturilor Natura 2000, cea mai mare suprafa\u021b\u0103 fiind \u00een Rezerva\u021bia Biosferei Delta Dun\u0103rii;<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 \u00een trecut incendiile de vegeta\u021bie erau prezente doar \u00een zona mediteranean\u0103, odat\u0103 cu schimb\u0103rile climatice \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103, incendiile au \u00eenceput s\u0103 devin\u0103 o amenin\u021bare tot mai mare \u0219i pentru Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Nord.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2021, o serie de incendii devastatoare au coincis cu valuri de c\u0103ldur\u0103 record, mai \u00eent\u00e2i \u00een iunie \u0219i apoi la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lui iulie \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la jum\u0103tatea lui august. Acestea au afectat \u021b\u0103ri din \u00eentreaga regiune mediteranean\u0103, inclusiv Turcia, Grecia, Italia, Fran\u021ba, Albania, Macedonia de Nord \u0219i Spania, Algeria \u0219i Tunisia \u00een nordul Africii, \u021b\u0103ri din Orientul Mijlociu, precum Liban \u0219i Israel.<\/p>\n

La nivelul Europei<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen medie, aproximativ 65 000 de incendii au loc \u00een Europa \u00een fiecare an, arz\u00e2nd aproximativ o jum\u0103tate de milion (500 000) de hectare de terenuri s\u0103lbatice \u0219i p\u0103duri; cea mai mare parte a suprafe\u021bei arse, peste 85%, se afl\u0103 \u00een regiunea mediteranean\u0103 european\u0103.<\/p>\n

Peste nou\u0103 din 10 incendii sunt provocate de ac\u021biuni umane. Neglijen\u021ba \u0219i focurile puse necontrolat pentru cur\u0103\u021barea terenurilor, r\u0103m\u00e2n cauzele principale ale nenorocirilor.<\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia a fost \u0219i mai grav\u0103 \u00een sezonul incendiilor forestiere din 2021. P\u00e2n\u0103 la momentul public\u0103rii acestui raport, au ars aproape 0,5 milioane de hectare, 61% dintre acestea fiind p\u0103duri a c\u0103ror regenerare va dura mul\u021bi ani. Aproximativ 25% dintre zonele care au ars \u00een Europa se aflau \u00een interiorul siturilor \u201eNatura 2000\u201d.<\/p>\n

La nivelul \u00eentregii planete<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimii ani, incendii devastatoare \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 precedent sunt raportate \u00een \u00eentreag\u0103 lume, din Statele Unite (California), p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Australia, Indonezia, Africa, zona amazonian\u0103 \u0219i chiar zona arctic\u0103 (Siberia).<\/p>\n

\u00cen perioada 2012-2021 au avut loc \u00een medie 61.000 de incendii de vegeta\u021bie anual, fiind afectate aproximativ trei milioane de hectare de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. \u00cen 2021, aproape 59.000 de incendii de vegeta\u021bie au ars 2.87 milioane de hectare. De la 1 iunie 2022, peste 27.800 de incendii de vegeta\u021bie au afectat \u00een acest an aproximativ 770.000 ha.<\/p>\n

Inciden\u021ba incendiilor cre\u0219te sau scade?<\/strong><\/p>\n

De la an la an, schimb\u0103rile climatice sunt \u0219i ele tot mai prezente. O tendin\u021b\u0103 de cre\u0219tere u\u0219or de remarcat indic\u0103 niveluri mai ridicate ale pericolului de incendii, sezoane mai lungi ale incendiilor \u0219i incendii de mari propor\u021bii \u0219i violente, cu propagare rapid\u0103, \u00een fa\u021ba c\u0103rora mijloacele tradi\u021bionale de stingere a incendiilor sunt ineficiente.<\/p>\n

Anul acesta, aproximativ 130.000 ha arseser\u0103 deja p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii iunie, o suprafa\u021b\u0103 la fel de mare cu cea arsa \u00eentre anii 1986-2005 \u00een urma a aproape 3.000 de incendii de p\u0103dure \u00een care au fost afectate aproape 13.000 ha.<\/p>\n

Momentul a marcat debutul tradi\u021bional al sezonului incendiilor. Incendiile au \u00eenceput s\u0103 afecteze, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 statele sudice, \u0219i Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Nord. Peste nou\u0103 din 10 incendii din UE sunt provocate de ac\u021biuni umane.<\/p>\n

De aceea, pentru prevenirea dezastrelor, este esen\u021bial ca oamenii s\u0103 fie sensibiliza\u021bi \u00een acest sens \u0219i s\u0103 se organizeze campanii educative cu privire la riscul de incendiu.<\/p>\n

Principalele constat\u0103ri din raportul publicat de Comisia European\u0103:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Din raportul pe 2020 despre incendiile forestiere reiese c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia a fost \u021bara cea mai afectat\u0103, urmat\u0103 de Portugalia, Spania \u0219i Italia;
\n\u00cen 2020, incendii care s-au \u00eentins pe o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de peste 30 ha au afectat 20 de state membre ale UE, distrug\u00e2nd aproape 340.000 ha, suprafa\u021b\u0103 care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te u\u0219or cifra \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een 2019;
\nTotodat\u0103, \u00een sezonul incendiilor din 2020 \u0219i-au pierdut via\u021ba mai mul\u021bi oameni dec\u00e2t \u00een 2019: raportarea na\u021bional\u0103 din partea Spaniei a \u00eenregistrat \u0219ase victime, dintre care patru pompieri;
\n\u00cen 2020, cartografierea rapid\u0103 prin intermediul serviciului Copernicus de gestionare a situa\u021biilor de urgen\u021b\u0103 a fost activat\u0103 de 17 ori pentru cartografierea detaliat\u0103 a incendiilor forestiere, un num\u0103r mai mic, deocamdat\u0103, fa\u021b\u0103 de activ\u0103rile din 2021;
\nMecanismul de protec\u021bie civil\u0103 al UE a fost modernizat cu o flot\u0103 de avioane de stingere a incendiilor prin intermediul rescEU \u00een 2019, consolid\u00e2ndu-\u0219i capacitatea de a asista \u021b\u0103rile pe parcursul actualului sezon al incendiilor.
\nPutem vedea \u0219i \u00een cazul Rom\u00e2niei c\u0103 de la an la an inciden\u021ba cre\u0219te, astfel din 2019 incendiile de vegeta\u021bie sunt tot mai frecvente \u0219i violente, f\u0103c\u00e2nd pagube imense. \u00cen 2020 num\u0103rul incendiilor a continuat s\u0103 fie \u00een cre\u0219tere, iar pe la jum\u0103tatea lui 2021, prognoza incendiilor nu era favorabil\u0103.\n<\/p>\n

Pentru ca p\u0103durea \u2014 locul ideal de plimbare \u0219i recreere \u2014 s\u0103 nu fie expus\u0103 la pericole precum un poten\u021bial incendiu, v\u0103 recomand urm\u0103toarele:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nu face\u021bi foc dec\u00e2t \u00een locuri permise, la ad\u0103post de v\u00e2nt, cur\u0103\u021b\u00e2nd terenul din jur de orice material ce se poate aprinde !
\nNu face\u021bi foc \u00een caz de v\u00e2nt puternic \u0219i pe timp secetos !
\nNu p\u0103r\u0103si\u021bi niciodat\u0103 focul f\u0103cut \u00eenainte de a va asigura de stingerea lui complet\u0103.
\nNu fuma\u021bi \u0219i nu arunca\u021bi la \u00eent\u00e2mplare resturile de chibrituri \u0219i \u021big\u0103ri aprinse \u00een p\u0103dure.
\nNu l\u0103sa\u021bi \u00een aer liber borcanele \u0219i sticlele goale pentru c\u0103 la interac\u021biunea acestora cu razele solare se poate produce focalizarea c\u0103ldurii \u0219i se pot aprinde materialele combustibile din jurul lor.
\nDepozita\u021bi cenu\u0219a rezultat\u0103 din ardere \u00een gropi speciale, dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi stins-o cu ap\u0103.
\nAnun\u021ba\u021bi repede orice incendiu pe care \u00eel observa\u021bi \u0219i interveni\u021bi cu mijloacele avute la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n

sursa: RFI<\/a>, foto<\/a>, infoclima.ro<\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rom\u00e2nia este una dintre \u021b\u0103rile europene cele mai afectate de incendii de vegeta\u021bie. Nou\u0103 din zece incendii sunt provocate de ac\u021biunea uman\u0103, \u00een special de neglijen\u021ba \u0219i focurile puse necontrolat pentru cur\u0103\u021barea terenurilor. Cercet\u0103torul Alexandru Luchiian lucreaz\u0103 \u00een IT, ca specialist \u00een sisteme inteligente. El a creat mai multe platforme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,9,1,3,6,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-company","category-general","category-legislatie","category-prime","category-slide"],"yoast_head":"\nDe ce are Rom\u00e2nia at\u00e2t de multe incendii de vegeta\u021bie?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rom\u00e2nia este una dintre \u021b\u0103rile europene cele mai afectate de incendii de vegeta\u021bie. 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