{"id":1124,"date":"2022-06-21T09:22:43","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T07:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/?p=1124"},"modified":"2022-06-21T09:22:46","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T07:22:46","slug":"schimbarile-climatice-cum-se-manifesta-si-de-ce-ar-trebui-sa-ti-pese-de-asta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/index.php\/2022\/06\/21\/schimbarile-climatice-cum-se-manifesta-si-de-ce-ar-trebui-sa-ti-pese-de-asta\/","title":{"rendered":"Schimb\u0103rile climatice. Cum se manifest\u0103 \u0219i de ce ar trebui s\u0103-\u021bi pese de asta?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Schimb\u0103rile climatice sunt una dintre cele mai mari provoc\u0103ri din istoria omenirii.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Ce sunt schimb\u0103rile climatice?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Schimb\u0103rile climatice reprezint\u0103 un set de modific\u0103ri pe termen lung ale condi\u021biilor meteorologice. \u00cen istoria de miliarde de ani a planetei, au avut loc mai multe astfel de episoade, dar \u00een ultima perioad\u0103 (de aproximativ 150 de ani), schimb\u0103rile climatice sunt produse, \u00een principal, de activitatea uman\u0103.<\/p>\n

Una dintre principalele efecte ale schimb\u0103rilor climatice este \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103: cre\u0219terea temperaturii medie a planetei. Dar efectele acestor schimb\u0103ri climatice sunt mult mai diverse \u0219i nu se rezum\u0103 doar la cre\u0219terea temperaturii.<\/p>\n

Cu ninsori \u00een luna martie, ai putea fi tentat s\u0103 crezi c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia n-are treab\u0103 cu aceste schimb\u0103ri, dar lucrurile nu deloc stau a\u0219a. Clima nu este vreme. Clima este o medie (de obicei pe minimum 30 de ani) a condi\u021biilor meteorologice. Po\u021bi s\u0103 ai zile friguroase \u00een martie sau zile c\u0103lduroase \u00een noiembrie, asta nu spune prea mare lucru despre clim\u0103. Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 vezi cum e situa\u021bia cu clima, trebuie s\u0103 te ui\u021bi la perioade lungi de timp \u0219i la zone \u00eentinse geografic. \u0218i c\u00e2nd te ui\u021bi la scara asta, devine clar c\u0103 planeta chiar se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trebuie spus c\u0103 poate exista un an mai rece (sau chiar c\u00e2\u021biva ani mai reci). \u00cens\u0103 analizarea trendului temperaturilor globale, felul cum evolueaz\u0103 ele pe termen lung, arat\u0103 c\u0103 situa\u021bia e clar\u0103: planeta se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te.<\/p>\n

Din fericire, exist\u0103 o sumedenie de informa\u021bie climatic\u0103 de pe glob; nu chiar\u00a0toat\u0103\u00a0informa\u021bia de care ar fi nevoie, dar e arhisuficient ca s\u0103 fie clar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 la nivel global.\u00a0<\/p>\n

La sta\u021biile meteorologice, datele despre temperatur\u0103 se monitorizeaz\u0103 de mai bine de un secol. Apoi, exist\u0103 informa\u021bii de pe vapoare, observatoare, baloane meteorologice \u0219i, mai nou, din satelit. Toate indic\u0103 acela\u0219i lucru: temperaturile cresc \u2013 nu peste tot \u00een mod egal (unele locuri se \u00eenc\u0103lzesc mai tare, altele mai pu\u021bin), dar, \u00een medie, cresc. Mai sunt \u0219i informa\u021bii indirecte (spre exemplu, la gr\u0103dinile botanice se monitorizeaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00eenfloresc plantele), iar aceste date indic\u0103 acela\u0219i lucru.<\/p>\n

O analiz\u0103 a temperaturilor medii din toate ora\u0219ele europene arat\u0103 c\u0103, practic, toate se \u00eenc\u0103lzesc.<\/p>\n

De unde \u0219tim c\u0103 e vina oamenilor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Clima nu este stabil\u0103 \u00een timp. De fapt, de-a lungul istoriei geologice de peste 4,5 miliarde de ani a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului, clima s-a schimbat de nenum\u0103rate ori. Au fost perioade c\u00e2nd P\u0103m\u00e2ntul era acoperit \u00een mare parte de ghea\u021b\u0103 (spre exemplu, acum 700 de milioane de ani), au fost perioade c\u00e2nd \u0219i calotele glaciare de la poli s-au topit \u0219i erau crocodili \u00een Antarctica.<\/p>\n

Dar aceast\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzire este diferit\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 foarte repede. Practic, clima a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eenc\u0103lzeasc\u0103 \u00een ultimul secol, iar din punct de vedere geologic, un secol este nimic. Schimb\u0103rile naturale au loc \u00een timp mult mai \u00eendelungat, iar atunci c\u00e2nd sunt bru\u0219te (spre exemplu, \u00een cazul unei erup\u021bii masive a unui vulcan), cauza poate fi detectat\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0218i \u00een cazul de fa\u021b\u0103, motivul acestor schimb\u0103ri climatice poate fi stabilit. \u0218i nu este unul natural. Cauza principal\u0103 este activitatea uman\u0103, mai precis, arderea de combustibili fosili (petrol, c\u0103rbune, gaz natural) care produc gaze cu efect de ser\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Efectul de ser\u0103 este binecunoscut de cercet\u0103tori de mai bine de un secol, iar f\u0103r\u0103 el, via\u021ba pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt nu ar putea exista. Dar dac\u0103 efectul devine prea puternic, poate avea consecin\u021be devastatoare.<\/p>\n

Un pic de zoom-out ajut\u0103. P\u0103m\u00e2ntul e o planet\u0103 care se \u00eenv\u00e2rte \u00een jurul Soarelui. Dac\u0103 P\u0103m\u00e2ntul ar fi teleportat prin magie departe de Soare (\u0219i de orice stea), ar \u00eenghe\u021ba foarte repede. De\u0219i planeta genereaz\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00een interior, nu este suficient pentru a avea o temperatur\u0103 care s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 via\u021ba. Este nevoie de c\u0103ldura de la Soare pentru a fi men\u021binut\u0103 o temperatur\u0103 \u00een care via\u021ba s\u0103 poat\u0103 exista. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Soare, este \u00eens\u0103 nevoie \u0219i de o atmosfer\u0103 cu anumite elemente chimice care pot absorbi c\u0103ldura \u2013 a\u0219a-numitele gaze de ser\u0103.<\/p>\n

F\u0103r\u0103 o atmosfer\u0103 cu gaze de ser\u0103, o mare parte din radia\u021bia solar\u0103 ar fi trimis\u0103 \u00eenapoi \u00een spa\u021biu. Dar anumite gaze (precum dioxidul de carbon sau metanul) pot re\u021bine c\u0103ldura \u00een atmosfer\u0103 perioade \u00eendelungate.\u00a0<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 aici, totul e bine. Atmosfera P\u0103m\u00e2ntului are ce \u00eei trebuie pentru a sus\u021bine via\u021ba \u0219i iat\u0103-te, bine mersi, st\u00e2nd pe internet \u0219i citind articole. \u00cens\u0103 povestea \u00eenc\u0103lzirii globale cauzate de om abia aici \u00eencepe.<\/p>\n

De fapt, \u00eencepe la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XVIII-lea \u0219i \u00een primele decenii ale secolului al XIX-lea, odat\u0103 cu Revolu\u021bia Industrial\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 \u00eencepe industrializarea rapid\u0103 \u00een Europa, iar apoi, \u0219i \u00een restul lumii. Revolu\u021bia Industrial\u0103 a fost o perioad\u0103 de progres tehnologic care a dus la crearea lumii contemporane, \u00een care ma\u0219in\u0103riile fac de multe ori munca \u00een locul oamenilor. Dar acest progres a avut un cost: emisiile de gaze de ser\u0103 provenite din combustibili fosili.<\/p>\n

Ini\u021bial, toat\u0103 industria s-a bazat pe c\u0103rbune. Apoi, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce lucrurile au progresat, a \u00eenceput folosirea petrolului \u0219i a gazului natural. Arderea tuturor acestor combustibili produc gaze de ser\u0103, care r\u0103m\u00e2n \u0219i se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103.<\/p>\n

Nivelul de dioxid de carbon, spre exemplu, a crescut enorm \u00een ultimul secol, din cauza arderii de combustibili fosili. Geologii care studiaz\u0103 nivelul de dioxid de carbon din trecut au semnalat faptul c\u0103 nivelul actual de dioxid de carbon e cel mai ridicat din ultimii 800.000 de ani. Aceast\u0103 cre\u0219tere a dioxidului de carbon este cauza schimb\u0103rilor climatice din prezent.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

De ce ar trebui s\u0103-\u021bi pese de schimb\u0103rile climatice?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, am discutat doar despre schimb\u0103rile climatice, dar n-am explicat clar de ce e un lucru r\u0103u. O \u00eenc\u0103lzire de 2-3 grade poate p\u0103rea chiar pl\u0103cut\u0103, cu mai pu\u021bin frig iarna.<\/p>\n

Din p\u0103cate, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea climatic\u0103 nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deloc a\u0219a. Planeta s-a \u00eenc\u0103lzit cu aproximativ un grad Celsius de la \u00eenceputul revolu\u021biei industriale, dar asta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 peste tot e cu un grad mai cald. Unele zone s-au \u00eenc\u0103lzit deja cu mai bine de dou\u0103 grade, \u00een vreme ce altele nu au resim\u021biti vreo schimbare major\u0103. Apoi, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea nu este uniform\u0103: o \u00eenc\u0103lzire de un grad nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 fiecare zi este mai c\u0103lduroas\u0103 cu un grad. \u00cen realitate, acest proces cre\u0219te riscul de evenimente meteorologice extreme, at\u00e2t caniculare, c\u00e2t \u0219i reci, prin dislocarea maselor de aer reci de la poli.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Iar efectele schimb\u0103rilor climatice nu se rezum\u0103 la temperatur\u0103. Un efect imediat este topirea calotelor polare (care duce la ridicarea nivelului m\u0103rii), dar \u0219i a ghe\u021barilor care ofer\u0103 ap\u0103 potabil\u0103 pentru mai bine de dou\u0103 miliarde de oameni. Inunda\u021biile devin mai comune, la fel \u0219i secetele \u0219i incendiile de p\u0103dure. \u00cen general, schimb\u0103rile climatice au tendin\u021ba de a accentua evenimentele extreme. De asemenea, efecte mai subtile (precum eroziunea solului sau extinderea habitatelor unor parazi\u021bi) pot face mult r\u0103u pe termen lung.<\/p>\n

Efectele asupra mediului sunt, de asemenea, devastatoare. Schimbarea se petrece prea repede pentru ca animalele \u0219i plantele s\u0103 se adapteze \u0219i, deja, mai multe ecosisteme \u00eencep s\u0103 colapseze. Un efect de domino se propag\u0103 pe \u00eentreaga planet\u0103.<\/p>\n

Spre deosebire de alte probleme de mediu, schimb\u0103rile de clim\u0103 nu pot fi oprite repede. Chiar dac\u0103, printr-o minune, am fi oprite toate emisiile de gaze de ser\u0103 peste noapte, planeta va continua s\u0103 se \u00eenc\u0103lzeasc\u0103 o perioad\u0103, din iner\u021bie \u2013 iar cu c\u00e2t renun\u021barea la combustibilii fosili e am\u00e2nat\u0103, cu at\u00e2t consecin\u021bele vor fi mai grave.<\/p>\n

Motivul acestei iner\u021bii este durata de via\u021b\u0103 a gazelor de ser\u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103. Metanul este de 80 de ori mai potent \u00een a stoca temperatura dec\u00e2t dioxidul de carbon, dar rezist\u0103 \u00een atmosfer\u0103 doar 12 ani \u2013 pe c\u00e2nd dioxidul de carbon poate rezista 300-1.000 de ani. Deci metanul este important pentru schimb\u0103rile pe termen scurt, dar pentru a adresa problema pe termen lung, trebuie s\u0103 fie reduse neap\u0103rat emisiile de dioxid de carbon c\u00e2t mai repede.\u00a0<\/p>\n

De notat c\u0103, de\u0219i unii cercet\u0103tori studiaz\u0103 metode de a extrage dioxidul de carbon din atmosfer\u0103, aceste metode nu vor opri \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0218i atunci, ce se poate face?<\/strong><\/p>\n

De\u0219i mai e timp pentru a \u021bine schimb\u0103rile climatice\u00a0 sub control, fereastra se \u00eenchide repede.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Liderii planetei au convenit, \u00een cadrul Acordului de la Paris, s\u0103 fac\u0103 tot ce le st\u0103 \u00een putin\u021b\u0103 pentru a limita \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 la dou\u0103 grade Celsius fa\u021b\u0103 de perioada preindustrial\u0103 \u2013 cu obiectivul-bonus de 1,5 grade. Nu este primul acord de acest tip, dar este primul pe care l-au semnat, practic, toate \u021b\u0103rile de pe glob. \u00cens\u0103 acordul este tou\u0219i unul voluntar, iar \u021b\u0103rile se pot retrage din el oric\u00e2nd, a\u0219a cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een timpul pre\u0219edin\u021biei lui Donald Trump. Ulterior, succesorul Joe Biden a reintrat \u00een acord, dar \u00eencrederea \u00een pact a fost zguduit\u0103 puternic.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Mai mult, \u021b\u0103rile care au semnat acordul nu prea s-au \u021binut de treab\u0103 a\u0219a cum au promis, iar emisiile continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 pe o traiectorie care duce spre o \u00eenc\u0103lzire 3 grade Celsius sau chiar mai mult. Totu\u0219i, e cel mai bun acord de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. Tratatul define\u0219te ac\u021biuni diferite pentru fiecare \u021bar\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de particularit\u0103\u021bile sale. Spre exemplu, pentru \u021b\u0103ri precum Brazilia sau Indonezia, accentul cade pe p\u0103strarea zonelor \u00eemp\u0103durite, \u00een vreme ce pentru Polonia sau Germania, prioritatea e renun\u021barea la c\u0103rbune \u0219i prioritizarea surselor regenerabile de energie.<\/p>\n

E important de amintit c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 nu poate fi oprit\u0103 brusc, cu o ap\u0103sare pe un buton, e un proces care va dura timp \u0219i care nu poate fi controlat \u00een totalitate.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Schimb\u0103rile climatice\u00a0 ridic\u0103 o provocare imens\u0103, care nu poate fi rezolvat\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 \u00eentreaga omenire se une\u0219te, cu ac\u021biune la toate nivelurile societ\u0103\u021bii. Dar sunt \u0219i lucruri pe care le po\u021bi face tu.<\/p>\n

Primul lucru pe care \u00eel po\u021bi face este s\u0103 fii informat. De mai multe decenii are loc o campanie masiv\u0103 de dezinformare, care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103c\u0103leasc\u0103 societatea, fie c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 nu are loc, fie c\u0103 are loc, dar nu din cauza oamenilor, fie c\u0103 oricum nu se poate face nimic \u2013 toate aceste afirma\u021bii sunt false, desigur. E important s\u0103 recuno\u0219ti aceast\u0103 dezinformare atunci c\u00e2nd apare. Apoi, exist\u0103 mai multe schimb\u0103ri pe care le po\u021bi face \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi, pentru a \u00ee\u021bi reduce amprenta individual\u0103 de emisii.<\/p>\n

Clasicul mers pe jos sau cu bicicleta sau transportul \u00een comun ajut\u0103, dar exist\u0103 \u0219i alte lucruri pe care le po\u021bi face, cu un impact mai mare. Spre exemplu, reducerea sau eliminarea de zboruri cu avionul (\u00een special zboruri lungi) c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te mult mai mult. Reducerea consumului de carne (\u00een special carne ro\u0219ie) e de asemenea o m\u0103sur\u0103 pro-climat pe care o po\u021bi lua. Agricultura e unul dintre cei mai mari contribuitori la schimb\u0103rile de clim\u0103, iar produc\u021bia unei por\u021bii de carne ro\u0219ie produce dioxid de carbon cam c\u00e2t 3-4 litri de benzin\u0103.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 \u00eens\u0103, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 nu poate fi rezolvat\u0103 \u00een regim civic, \u0219i atunci unul dintre cele mai importante lucruri pe care le po\u021bi face, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 schimb\u0103rile din via\u021ba personal\u0103, este sus\u021binerea unor companii \u0219i politicieni care iau m\u0103suri reale \u00eempotriva \u00eenc\u0103lzirii globale \u2013 aceste ini\u021biative beneficiaz\u0103, \u00een general, de mai pu\u021bin\u0103 aten\u021bie \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, dar e loc de progres.<\/p>\n

Fie c\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi place, fie c\u0103 nu, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103 are loc chiar acum, \u00een timp ce cite\u0219ti aceste r\u00e2nduri. Nu se vede mereu clar, dar efectele sunt acolo, \u0219i nu sunt u\u0219or de oprit. Mai exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o fereastr\u0103 \u00een care putem lua m\u0103suri, dar fereastra se \u00eenchide repede.<\/p>\n

sursa: mindcraftstories<\/a>, foto<\/a><\/pre>\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Schimb\u0103rile climatice sunt una dintre cele mai mari provoc\u0103ri din istoria omenirii. Ce sunt schimb\u0103rile climatice? Schimb\u0103rile climatice reprezint\u0103 un set de modific\u0103ri pe termen lung ale condi\u021biilor meteorologice. \u00cen istoria de miliarde de ani a planetei, au avut loc mai multe astfel de episoade, dar \u00een ultima perioad\u0103 (de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,6,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-prime","category-slide"],"yoast_head":"\nSchimb\u0103rile climatice. 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