{"id":1078,"date":"2022-06-07T11:51:37","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T09:51:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/?p=1078"},"modified":"2022-06-07T11:51:38","modified_gmt":"2022-06-07T09:51:38","slug":"green24-ro-despre-turbariile-din-romania-de-la-ecosisteme-degradate-la-interventii-de-restaurare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/index.php\/2022\/06\/07\/green24-ro-despre-turbariile-din-romania-de-la-ecosisteme-degradate-la-interventii-de-restaurare\/","title":{"rendered":"Green24.ro despre Turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia \u2013 de la ecosisteme degradate la interven\u021bii de restaurare"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>De\u0219i turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia sunt benefice pentru mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, majoritatea se degradeaz\u0103 accelerat \u00een ultimele decenii, at\u00e2t din cauze naturale, c\u00e2t \u0219i antropice.\u00a0 Mai mult de-at\u00e2t, cantit\u0103\u021bile de CO2 \u0219i gaz metan emanate \u00een atmosfer\u0103 de aceste ecosisteme fragile joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een politicile ce vizeaz\u0103 neutralitatea climatic\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Sprijinul oferit \u00een ultimii \u0219apte ani prin fonduri europene poate sus\u021bine interven\u021bii de restaurare pentru un num\u0103r limitat de turb\u0103rii, fiind necesare at\u00e2t identificarea de noi modalit\u0103\u021bi de finan\u021bare a unor proiecte de biodiversitate, dar \u0219i eforturi suplimentare din partea altor entit\u0103\u021bi cu preocup\u0103ri \u00een acest domeniu nu doar pentru protec\u021bia lor dar \u0219i pentru valorificarea lor economic\u0103 (turistic\u0103, \u00een acest caz). Doar un sfert din turb\u0103riile degradate (45 din 218) sunt prinse ast\u0103zi \u00een programe de restaurare.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Ce sunt turb\u0103riile \u0219i ce impact au ele asupra mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mai pu\u021bin cunoscute publicului, cel pu\u021bin din Rom\u00e2nia, turb\u0103riile, al\u0103turi de alte categorii de zone umede, sunt ecosisteme terestre de zone umede, respectiv ni\u0219te terenuri umede ml\u0103\u0219tinoase care se formeaz\u0103 \u00een zone depresionare, f\u0103r\u0103 scurgere, pe care se adun\u0103 o anumit\u0103 cantitate de ap\u0103. Uneori, acestea sunt acoperite cu vegeta\u021bie forestier\u0103 sau doar cu vegeta\u021bie higrofil\u0103 specific\u0103 (mu\u0219chi). Aici, materialul vegetal acumulat se descompune lent \u0219i se carbonizeaz\u0103 form\u00e2nd o acumulare de turb\u0103, ce ia forma unei roci sedimentare de culoare \u00eenchis\u0103. Turba este utilizat\u0103 frecvent ca \u0219i combustibil sau \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt natural pentru flori. Prin func\u021biile pe care le de\u021bin, turb\u0103riile regleaz\u0103 nivelul apei \u0219i capteaz\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi \u00eensemnate de CO2 din atmosfer\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Drenarea turb\u0103riilor, adic\u0103 eliberarea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi ridicat\u0103 de emisii de dioxid de carbon \u0219i gaz metan, joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een contextul politicilor ce vizeaz\u0103 reducerea emisiilor de CO2 pentru a asigura neutralitatea climatic\u0103. La nivel global, turb\u0103riile drenate sunt responsabile pentru eliberarea \u00een atmosfer\u0103 a aproximativ 0,5 gigatone de CO2, respectiv 1% din totalul emisiilor de carbon globale eliminate \u00een 2019 (Joosten, 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comparativ cu turb\u0103riile din alte state, cele din Rom\u00e2nia au suprafe\u021be mici (de la c\u00e2teva hectare la zeci sau sute de hectare) \u0219i apar \u00een zonele deluroase \u0219i montane. Condi\u021biile de formare determin\u0103 cele trei categorii de turb\u0103rii din Rom\u00e2nia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>turb\u0103riile de mla\u0219tini eutrofe, situate la altitudini mai joase \u0219i au un grad ridicat de eutrofizare, formate pe fundul unor mla\u0219tini, albii de r\u00e2uri;<\/li>\n<li>turb\u0103riile de mla\u0219tini intermediare, mezotrofe;<\/li>\n<li>tinoavele, ap\u0103rute \u00een zonele montane, cu o turb\u0103 mai s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een elemente nutritive (turb\u0103rii oligotrofe).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conform unui studiu al Societ\u0103\u021bii Interna\u021bionale a Zonelor Umede (Wetlands International), din 2009, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia existau 436 depozite de turb\u0103, ce acopereau 7.100 hectare, cam 0,03% din suprafa\u021ba \u021b\u0103rii (Minayeva et al., 2009).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1079 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-203.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1112\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-203.jpeg 1112w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-203-300x198.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-203-1024x677.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-203-768x508.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><em>Tinovul H\u0103rnice\u0219tilor din Dese\u0219ti (jude\u021b Maramure\u0219)<\/em><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Majoritatea turb\u0103riilor beneficiaz\u0103 de un statut de protec\u021bie\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen 1991, Rom\u00e2nia adera la Conven\u021bia RAMSAR &#8211; Conven\u021bia asupra zonelor umede interna\u021bionale, aflat\u0103 sub egida UNESCO, un tratat interna\u021bional\u00a0 ce avea \u00een vedere conservarea \u0219i utilizarea durabil\u0103 a zonelor umede. Desemnarea unei loca\u021bii ca sit RAMSAR este un indicator de recunoa\u0219tere a resurselor naturale reg\u0103site aici, mai ales pentru c\u0103 acestea ad\u0103postesc \u0219i multe specii acvatice. \u00cen accep\u021biunea acestei conven\u021bii, zonele umede sunt areale cu b\u0103l\u021bi, mla\u0219tini, ape naturale sau artificiale, cu elemente de biodiversitate specifice (p\u0103s\u0103ri de ap\u0103 \u0219i pe\u0219ti). Pierderea unor astfel de terenuri umede duce, pe termen lung, la dispari\u021bia unor popula\u021bii de p\u0103s\u0103ri acvatice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La ora actual\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia are 20 situri care fac parte din re\u021beaua RAMSAR, cu o suprafa\u021b\u0103 de 1.177.749 hectare. Dintre acestea, un singur sit se suprapune unui ecosistem de turb\u0103rie, Tinovul Mare, a c\u0103rui suprafa\u021b\u0103\u00a0 \u00eel transform\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare rezerva\u021bie de turb\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia (680 hectare).<\/p>\n<pre><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-20.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1081\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-20.jpeg 1081w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-20-300x208.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-20-1024x710.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-20-768x533.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1081px) 100vw, 1081px\" \/>\n<em>Zonele umede de importan\u021b\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103 (RAMSAR) din Rom\u00e2nia. Din cele\u00a0 19 situri RAMSAR din Rom\u00e2nia, un singur sit se \u00eenscrie unui ecosistem de turb\u0103rie, respectiv Tinovul Mare din Poiana \u0218tampei, acesta fiind introdus \u00een circuitul turistic prin poteca tematic\u0103 Tinovul Mare-Poiana \u0218tampei.\u00a0Cartografie: Gheorghe-Gavril\u0103 Hognogi \n\n<\/em><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alte turb\u0103rii, \u00een schimb, beneficiaz\u0103 de statut de protec\u021bie na\u021bional, indiferent c\u0103 sunt catalogate ca rezerva\u021bii naturale. Printre ele: Rezerva\u021bia natural\u0103 Poiana \u0218tampei, jude\u021b Suceava; Rezerva\u021bia natural\u0103 Tinovul Neagra \u0218arului, jude\u021b Suceava; Rezerva\u021bia natural\u0103 Tinovul Moho\u0219-Lacul Sf. Ana, jude\u021b Harghita; Rezerva\u021bia natural\u0103 Turb\u0103ria L\u0103ptici, jude\u021b D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba; Rezerva\u021bia botanic\u0103 Mla\u0219tina de la Pe\u0219teana, jude\u021b Hunedoara sau rezerva\u021bii \u0219tiin\u021bifice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen multe alte cazuri, turb\u0103riile sunt suprapuse unor situri Natura 2000. Printre ele: Tinovul de la F\u00e2nt\u00e2na Brazilor, jude\u021b Harghita; Mla\u0219tina de la Iaz, jude\u021b S\u0103laj. Includerea lor \u00een aceast\u0103 re\u021bea ecologic\u0103 european\u0103 a fost realizat\u0103 pe baza studiilor scrise de academicianul Emil Pop \u00een 1960. Interven\u021biile umane \u00een aceste turb\u0103rii sunt limitate, iar valorificarea lor economic\u0103 se face prin ac\u021biuni minime de introducere \u00een circuitul turistic, precum panouri de informare sau poteci tematice.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1081\" src=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-204.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1117\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-204.jpeg 1117w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-204-300x197.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-204-1024x673.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-204-768x505.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1117px) 100vw, 1117px\" \/><\/p>\n<pre><em>Mla\u0219tina de la Iaz din Plopi\u0219 (jude\u021b S\u0103laj)\n\n<\/em><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Cu toate acestea, realitatea turb\u0103riilor din Rom\u00e2nia este urm\u0103toarea:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>turb\u0103riile nu s-au mai reg\u0103sit \u00een aten\u021bia cercet\u0103torilor rom\u00e2ni, except\u00e2nd pu\u021bine cazuri particulare \u0219i punctuale asupra anumitor turb\u0103rii din \u021bar\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>restaurarea turb\u0103riilor nu a suscitat interesul factorilor de decizie, ceea ce a dus la o accentuare a degrad\u0103rii acestora p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een pragul colmat\u0103rii multora dintre acestea;<\/li>\n<li>nu exist\u0103 informa\u021bii actualizate privind rezerva de carbon \u00eenmagazinat\u0103 \u00een turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia (spre deosebire de state precum Norvegia, Sco\u021bia, unde interesul cercet\u0103torilor pentru astfel de teritorii este unul cu o importan\u021b\u0103 na\u021bional\u0103);<\/li>\n<li>comunit\u0103\u021bile locale din zonele cu turb\u0103rii percep aceste ecosisteme ca terenuri degradate, neutilizate sau chiar catalogate ca loca\u021bii de evitat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Un proces continuu \u0219i accelerat de degradare al turb\u0103riilor\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ecosistemele de turb\u0103rie g\u0103zduiesc specii de plante (mu\u0219chi de turb\u0103, planta carnivor\u0103 roua cerului) \u0219i de faun\u0103 specifice acestui tip de habitat (amfibieni, reptile), viabilitatea lor fiind condi\u021bionat\u0103 de caracteristicile mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor (aprovizionarea cu ap\u0103, pH-ul apei, cantitatea de material organic etc.). Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce interven\u021biile umane precum drenarea, incendierea, utilizarea agricol\u0103 a terenurilor\u00a0 sunt din ce \u00een ce mai pregnante, \u0219i aceste ecosisteme devin mai fragile. Semnale de alarm\u0103 asupra necesit\u0103\u021bii protej\u0103rii mla\u0219tinilor de turb\u0103 au fost eviden\u021biate de biologul Emil Pop (1960), iar \u00een anii ce au urmat starea acestora s-a \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bit.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1082\" src=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-202.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1111\" height=\"732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-202.jpeg 1111w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-202-300x198.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-202-1024x675.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2022-05-202-768x506.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1111px) 100vw, 1111px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Canal de drenare a apei \u00een Tinovul \u021aesna \u00cempu\u021bit\u0103, situat \u00een Lunca Ilvei (jude\u021b Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud).<\/p>\n<p><\/em>\u00cen 2015, un grup de cercet\u0103tori afilia\u021bi Institutului de Biologie al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne au evaluat, prin programul Biodiversitate \u0219i servicii ale ecosistemelor, 218 turb\u0103rii. Rezultatul proiectului a dus la elaborarea unui Program Na\u021bional de restaurare a turb\u0103riilor degradate din Rom\u00e2nia. \u00cen cadrul acestui program au fost propuse 50 situri (turb\u0103rii) pentru restaurare. Sunt prev\u0103zute lucr\u0103ri ce pot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi starea ecosistemelor,\u00a0 restabilirea regimului hidric \u00een aceste turb\u0103rii, reducerea eliber\u0103rii dioxidului de carbon \u00een atmosfer\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonduri norvegiene pentru restaurarea ecosistemelor de turb\u0103rie degradate\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Disponibilitatea unor surse de finan\u021bare adecvate este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru orice tip de interven\u021bie propus pentru restaurarea unor ecosisteme degradate sau valorificarea lor economic\u0103. Acesta a fost \u0219i contextul \u00een care Ministerul Mediului, Apelor \u0219i P\u0103durilor, \u00een calitate de Operator de Program, a lansat, \u00een 2020, pe baza rezultatelor proiectului Institutului de Biologie al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne amintit anterior, un apel de proiecte \u00een cadrul Programului RO-Mediu, componenta Ecosisteme \u0219i biodiversitate. Apelul vizeaz\u0103 restaurarea a 45 turb\u0103rii afectate de desecare (antropic\u0103 \u0219i\/sau natural\u0103), care necesit\u0103 lucr\u0103ri de restabilire a regimului hidric.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pentru proiectele finan\u021bate \u0219i cu interven\u021bii de restaurare a unor turb\u0103rii, pentru perioada 2021-2024, r\u0103m\u00e2ne esen\u021biale deschiderea comunit\u0103\u021bilor locale beneficiare (proprietari de terenuri, autorit\u0103\u021bi locale, locuitori) \u0219i dialogul existent \u00eentre to\u021bi actorii implica\u021bi \u00een realizarea acestor lucr\u0103ri de restaurare (autorit\u0103\u021bi, firme contractate pentru lucr\u0103ri de restaurare, proprietari de terenuri, locuitori).<\/p>\n<p>sursa: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoclima.ro\/acasa\/turbriile-din-romnia-de-la-ecosisteme-degradate-la-intervenii-de-restaurare\">infoclima<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De\u0219i turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia sunt benefice pentru mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, majoritatea se degradeaz\u0103 accelerat \u00een ultimele decenii, at\u00e2t din cauze naturale, c\u00e2t \u0219i antropice.\u00a0 Mai mult de-at\u00e2t, cantit\u0103\u021bile de CO2 \u0219i gaz metan emanate \u00een atmosfer\u0103 de aceste ecosisteme fragile joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een politicile ce vizeaz\u0103 neutralitatea climatic\u0103. Sprijinul [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5,6,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-prime","category-slide"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Green24.ro despre Turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia \u2013 de la ecosisteme degradate la interven\u021bii de restaurare - Green24.ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.green24.ro\/index.php\/2022\/06\/07\/green24-ro-despre-turbariile-din-romania-de-la-ecosisteme-degradate-la-interventii-de-restaurare\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Green24.ro despre Turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia \u2013 de la ecosisteme degradate la interven\u021bii de restaurare - Green24.ro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De\u0219i turb\u0103riile din Rom\u00e2nia sunt benefice pentru mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, majoritatea se degradeaz\u0103 accelerat \u00een ultimele decenii, at\u00e2t din cauze naturale, c\u00e2t \u0219i antropice.\u00a0 Mai mult de-at\u00e2t, cantit\u0103\u021bile de CO2 \u0219i gaz metan emanate \u00een atmosfer\u0103 de aceste ecosisteme fragile joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een politicile ce vizeaz\u0103 neutralitatea climatic\u0103. 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